~cHaPtEr 10:prOjEct ComMuniCatiOnS manaGeMeNt~

~For chapter 10, it will discuss about the Project Communication Management. First and foremost we must to understand the importance of good communications in projects where the communications is the greatest threat to many projects is a failure to communicate and research shows that IT professionals must be able to communicate effectively to succeed in their positions. They must be having strong verbal skills as a key factor in career advancement for IT professionals. There will be explains the elements of project communications management which have four processes. They are communication planning, information distribution, performance reporting, and managing stakeholders.~

~1-communication planning is determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders. 2-information distribution which is making needed information available to project stakeholders in a timely manner. 3-performance reporting that will collect and disseminate performance information, including status reports, progress measurement, and forecast. 4-managing stakeholder who is manages communications to satisfy the needs and expectations of project stakeholders and to resolve issues. There is the List various methods for improving project communications, such as managing conflicts, running effective meetings, using e-mail and other technologies effectively, and using templates.~

~Sample Template for a Project Description~

~There are also many software tools to aid in project communications such as project management software includes new capabilities to enhance virtual communications and suggested to use new tools, such as instant messaging and blogs, can enhance project communications. ~

~cHaPtEr 9:pRojEct hUmaN reSouRce maNagEmeNt~

~Chapter 9 has described about Project Human Resources Management that includes the processes required to make the most effective use of people involved with a project. Human Resource will include four processes which are Human Resource Planning, Acquiring the project team, developing the project team and managing the project team. 1- Human resources planning that identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships. 2-Acquiring the project team that getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project. 3-Developing the project team which is builds individual and group skills to enhance project performance. 4-Managing the project team which is tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.~

~It will describe key concept to managing people. The important areas related to project management include motivation theories, Influence and power and Effectiveness. This chapter will review several theories which are the theories of Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herzberg, David McClelland, and Douglas McGregor on motivation, H. J. Thamhain and D. L. Wilemon on influencing workers, and Stephen Covey on how people and teams can become more effective.~

~Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs~

~There are several tools and techniques to help manage a project team and summarize general advice on managing teams such as observation and conversation, project performance appraisals, conflict management and issue logs. Describe how project management software can assist in project human resource management like software that can help in producing RAMS and resource histograms and project management software includes several features related to human resource management such as Assigning resources, Identifying potential resource shortages or underutilization and Leveling resources.~

~Sample of Responsibility Assignment Matrix(RAM)~

~cHaPter 8:pRoJecT qUaliTy manAgeMeNt~

~In chapter 8 we study about the Project Quality Management. Quality defines as “the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs” (ISO8042:1994) or “the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements.” (ISO9000:2000). The purpose of Project Quality Management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. We must understand the important of project quality management and understand how quality relates to various aspects of information technology projects. ~

~We must know that quality must be on an equal level with project scope, time, and cost. Project Quality Management will involve three main processes which are include quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control. Firstly, quality planning that will identify which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy them for example allowing for system growth, planning a reasonable response time for a system and apply quality standard to information technology services. In this processes, we have design of experiments that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of process. There are the scope aspects of IT projects such as: functionality, system outputs, performance and reliability. ~

~Secondly, quality assurance that will be includes all the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality standards for a project. Another goal of quality assurance is continuous quality improvement in the project. We must know about the benchmarking and a quality audit for this second process. Finally, quality control which is the main goal is to improve quality, the main outcomes of this process are acceptance decisions, rework, and process adjustment. There are seven tools and techniques for quality control are known as the Seven Basic Tools of Quality: 1-Cause-and-effect diagrams 2-A Control Chart 3-A Run Chart 4-A scatter Diagram 5-A Histogram 6-A Pareto Chart and 7-Flowcharts. ~

~Sample Quality Control Chart~

~Sample of Histogram~

~It will describe about Statistical Sampling which is a key concept in Project Quality Management. Members of project team must focus on the quality control and understanding of statistic. It involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection. There is a Six Sigma principle that must we know. Six Sigma define as “a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and maximizing business success. This principle follows a five-phase improvement process called DMAIC which stand for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. ~

~cHaPter 7:pRoJecT cOst maNagEmenT~

~chapter 7 has discussed about Project Cost Management that important to understand the importance of project cost management which is the CHAOS studies found the average cost overrun means the additional percentage or dollar amount by which actual cost exceed estimates; ranged from 180 percent in 1994 to 43 percent in 2002. ~

~Project cost management includes the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within an approved budget. Three important processes involve are; 1-cost estimating that developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to finish a project. A cost management plan is a document that describes how the organization will manage cost variance on the project. There are several tools and techniques for cost estimation such analogous or top-down estimate, bottom-up estimate and parametric modeling. 2-cost budgeting which allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring the performance. The WBS is a required input to the cost budgeting process to produce a cost baseline as an ultimate goal. 3-cost control that controlling changes that will occur to the project budget.~

~This chapter also focuses on the Basic principle of cost management like profits, profit margin, life cycle costing, cash flow analysis, tangible cost, intangible cost, direct cost, indirect cost, sunk cost and so on. We also focus on the Earned Value Management (EVM). EVM is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data. There are terms for EVM: planned value (PV), actual cost (AC), and earned value (EV). ~

~earned value formulas~